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The real-time or post-session time difference between the current lap and a reference lap at any given point on the track. A negative delta means you are ahead of the reference; positive means behind. Delta is the single most actionable metric for on-track improvement.
Segers emphasizes in Analysis Techniques for Racecar Data Acquisition: "One of the most powerful features of data analysis software is overlaying graphs from separate laps. Ninety-five percent of all analysis work consists of comparison." Modern data systems display delta in real time on the dashboard. Segers also notes that many systems provide "sector times from virtual beacons, which are placed at fixed distances from each other around the track" to break the delta into digestible pieces. The Data Power guide (Buddy Fey) adds that real-time delta displays help the driver identify improvements on the fly, but warns against chasing the number instead of driving: the delta is diagnostic, not a target to steer toward. Post-session, overlaying the delta channel against speed and throttle traces reveals exactly which driver inputs created the time gain or loss.